About 75% of overall grade. Exams are given at the university testing center. There is no time limit. Typically it takes about 1-2 hours. Exams are mostly multiple choice mixed with short answer about their reason. Exams are closed book/notes exams. Students are allowed to bring in a calculator and prepare a formula sheet on which students are allowed to put anything they think will help them. Exam allows to testing students more comprehensive questions. These questions test not only a single concept, but more importantly test their understanding of statistical reasoning and problem solving. In general, I am comfortable that these exams reflect students' understanding of the knowledge. Center has its rules to minimize cheating. Formula sheet must be turned with the exam booklet and scrap papers.

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