My grading system is more analytic than holistic. Students start at 0 points and earn points for k knowledge and abilities that they demonstrate. I assign partial credit for solutions that are partially correct and for demonstrating partial but flawed or incomplete understanding. Most frustrating to students is that I sometimes award less than full credit even when a mistake has not been made but because I find the quality of the explanation or communication lacking in some respect.

I am generally satisfied if the median score on an exam is in the low 80's. I rarely "curve" exam scores but do occasionally if the scores are particularly low or if I believe in hindsight that an exam was unusually difficult.

I try to make the total points equal 100 on an exam, which is equivalent to grading each exam on a percentage basis. I avoid assigning letter grades to individual exams, as I emphasize to students that it's the weighted average of their grade components that gets assigned a letter grade in the end. But I also tell students that they can do no worse than the letter grades based on a 90-80-70-60 scale.

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